Thanks for expanding on your thoughts, LarryS. The problem with self-discipline as a solution is that people are a) fallible, b) selfish and c) lazy (not all people, of course). QA is a best practice specifically for that reason. The question is, who is responsible for QA - a regulator whose first duty is the public, or a company employee whose first duty is to the shareholders? We’ve seen from the Boeing example that there appears to be little penalty for actually putting out a dangerous product under the current system. Dennis Muilenberg is still a free, wealthy man, and the people in Ethiopia and Indonesia are still dead.