Furthermore:
- you are confusing about ASTM choice: GAMI are not controlling ASTM, GAMI have openly pointed to gaps and other problems with the ASTM standard.
- and wrong about monopoly, as I explain in ARE MONOPOLIES POSSIBLE?.
- you aren’t even right about Apple and Microsoft, they are competition, with each other and with other software vendors. tip: read up on Linux/Unix for example, widely used in computing systems especially behind the scenes such as in servers, and by software developers. (Microsoft itself is an example of innovation - won IBM’s PC o/s business despite an established competitor. George Braley pioneered, his reward is arrows in his back.